Phapang pakeng tsa li-ceramics le li-ceramics tse nepahetseng

Phapang pakeng tsa li-ceramics le li-ceramics tse nepahetseng

Tšepe, thepa ea tlhaho le liseramike kaofela li bitsoa "thepa e meraro e meholo". Ho thoe lentsoe Ceramics le simolohile ho Keramos, lentsoe la Segerike bakeng sa letsopa le besitsoeng. Qalong le ne le bitsoa liseramike, haufinyane, lentsoe liseramike le ile la qala ho sebelisoa ho bolela thepa e seng ea tšepe le e sa tloaelehang ho kenyeletsoa thepa e hanyetsang, khalase le samente. Ka mabaka a ka holimo, liseramike joale li ka hlalosoa e le "lihlahisoa tse sebelisang thepa e seng ea tšepe kapa e sa tloaelehang 'me li phekoloa ka mocheso o phahameng ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso".

Har'a li-ceramic, ts'ebetso e phahameng le ho nepahala ho hoholo lia hlokahala bakeng sa li-ceramic tse sebelisoang mererong e fapaneng ea indasteri, ho kenyeletsoa indasteri ea lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki. Ka hona, joale li bitsoa "li-ceramic tse nepahetseng" e le hore li ka bapisoa le li-ceramic tse tloaelehileng tse entsoeng ka thepa ea tlhaho joalo ka letsopa le silika. Li-ceramic tse ntle ke li-ceramic tse nepahetseng haholo tse entsoeng ka ho sebelisa "phofo ea thepa e tala e khethiloeng ka tieo kapa e entsoeng ka tlhaho" ka "ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso e laoloang ka tieo" le "motsoako oa lik'hemik'hale o fetotsoeng hantle".

Lisebelisoa tse tala le mekhoa ea tlhahiso li fapana haholo
Lisebelisoa tse tala tse sebelisoang ka har'a li-ceramic ke liminerale tsa tlhaho, 'me tse sebelisoang ka har'a li-ceramic tse nepahetseng ke lisebelisoa tse tala tse hloekisitsoeng haholo.

Lihlahisoa tsa letsopa li na le litšobotsi tsa ho ba thata haholo, ho hanyetsa mocheso hantle, ho hanyetsa mafome, ho thibela motlakase, jj. Li-ceramic, thepa e hanyetsang, khalase, samente, li-ceramic tse nepahetseng, jj. ke lihlahisoa tse emelang tsona. Motheong oa litšobotsi tse ka holimo, li-ceramic tse ntle li na le thepa e ntle haholo ea mechine, motlakase, ea mahlo, ea lik'hemik'hale le ea biochemical, hammoho le mesebetsi e matla haholoanyane. Hona joale, li-ceramic tse nepahetseng li sebelisoa haholo masimong a fapaneng joalo ka li-semiconductor, likoloi, puisano ea tlhahisoleseling, mechini ea indasteri le tlhokomelo ea bongaka. Phapang pakeng tsa li-ceramic tsa setso tse kang li-ceramic le li-ceramic tse ntle haholo e itšetlehile haholo ka thepa e tala le mekhoa ea tsona ea tlhahiso. Li-ceramic tsa setso li etsoa ka ho kopanya liminerale tsa tlhaho tse kang lejoe la seretse, feldspar le letsopa, ebe lia li bopa le ho li chesa. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, li-ceramic tse ntle li sebelisa thepa e tala ea tlhaho e hloekisitsoeng haholo, thepa e tala ea maiketsetso e entsoeng ka kalafo ea lik'hemik'hale, le metsoako e seng teng tlhahong. Ka ho etsa thepa e tala e boletsoeng ka holimo, ntho e nang le thepa e lakatsehang e ka fumanoa. Ho phaella moo, thepa e tala e lokisitsoeng e etsoa dihlahiswa tse nang le boleng bo hodimo tse nang le ho nepahala ho hoholo haholo le mesebetsi e matla ka ditshebetso tse laolwang ka nepo tse kang ho bopa, ho besa le ho sila.

Tlhophiso ea letsopa:

1. Dipitsa tsa letsopa le letsopa

1.1 Letsopa

Setshelo se sa benyang se entsoeng ka ho duba letsopa, ho le bopa le ho le besa mochesong o tlase (hoo e ka bang 800°C). Tsena di kenyeletsa letsopa la mofuta wa Jomon, letsopa la mofuta wa Yayoi, dintho tse epolotsweng ho tloha Botjhabela bo Hare le bo Hare ka 6000 BC le tse ding. Dihlahiswa tse sebediswang hajwale ke haholo-holo dipitsa tsa dipalesa tse sootho bo bofubedu, ditena tse kgubedu, ditofo, difiltara tsa metsi, jj.

1.2 Lipitsa tsa letsopa

E besoa mochesong o phahameng (1000-1250°C) ho feta letsopa, 'me e monya metsi' me ke sehlahisoa se besoang se sebelisoang ka mor'a ho besoa. Tsena li kenyelletsa SUEKI, RAKUYAKI, Maiolica, Delftware, jj. Hona joale lihlahisoa tse sebelisoang haholo ke lisete tsa tee, lisebelisoa tsa tafole, lisete tsa lipalesa, lithaele le tse ling.

1.3 Porcelain

Sehlahisoa se sesoeu se besitsoeng se tiileng ka botlalo ka mora ho eketsa silica le feldspar letsopa le hloekileng haholo (kapa lejoe la seretse), ho kopanya, ho bopa le ho besa. Ho sebelisoa li-glaze tse mebala-bala. E ntlafalitsoe nakong ea feudal (lekholong la bo7 le la bo8 la lilemo) la Chaena joalo ka Leloko la Sui le Leloko la Tang mme ea namela lefatšeng. Ho na le Jingdezhen haholo-holo, Arita ware, Seto ware le tse ling. Lihlahisoa tse sebelisoang haholo hona joale li kenyelletsa haholo-holo lisebelisoa tsa tafole, li-insulator, bonono le mesebetsi ea matsoho, lithaele tsa mekhabiso le tse ling.

2. Dintho tse hanelang

E bōptjoa le ho besoa ka thepa e sa senyeheng mochesong o phahameng. E sebelisetsoa ho haha ​​lionto bakeng sa ho qhibilihisa tšepe, ho etsa tšepe le ho qhibiliha ha khalase.

3. Khalase

Ke ntho e tiileng e sa fetoheng e entsoeng ka ho futhumatsa le ho qhibilihisa thepa e tala e kang silica, lejoe la mokoetla le molora oa soda.

4. Samente

Phofo e fumanoang ka ho kopanya lejoe la mokoetla le silica, ho calcining, le ho eketsa gypsum. Kamora ho eketsa metsi, majoe le lehlabathe lia khomareloa ho etsa konkreite.

5. Sesepa sa Indasteri se Nepahetseng

Li-ceramic tse ntle ke li-ceramic tse nepahetseng haholo tse entsoeng ka "ho sebelisa phofo ea thepa e tala e khethiloeng kapa e entsoeng ka motsoako, motsoako oa lik'hemik'hale o fetotsoeng hantle" + "mokhoa oa tlhahiso o laoloang ka thata". Ha e bapisoa le li-ceramic tsa setso, e na le mesebetsi e matla haholoanyane, kahoo e sebelisoa haholo lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng tse kang li-semiconductor, likoloi le mechini ea indasteri. Li-ceramic tse ntle li ne li bitsoa li-ceramic tse ncha le li-ceramic tse tsoetseng pele ka nakoana.